2 Kings 17:1

Authorized King James Version

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In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years.

Original Language Analysis

שָׁנִֽים׃ year H8141
שָׁנִֽים׃ year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 1 of 15
a year (as a revolution of time)
שְׁתֵּ֣ים In the twelfth H8147
שְׁתֵּ֣ים In the twelfth
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 2 of 15
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה H6240
עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה
Strong's: H6240
Word #: 3 of 15
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
לְאָחָ֖ז of Ahaz H271
לְאָחָ֖ז of Ahaz
Strong's: H271
Word #: 4 of 15
achaz, the name of a jewish king and of an israelite
מֶ֣לֶךְ king H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 5 of 15
a king
יְהוּדָ֑ה of Judah H3063
יְהוּדָ֑ה of Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 6 of 15
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
מָ֠לַךְ to reign H4427
מָ֠לַךְ to reign
Strong's: H4427
Word #: 7 of 15
to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel
הוֹשֵׁ֨עַ began Hoshea H1954
הוֹשֵׁ֨עַ began Hoshea
Strong's: H1954
Word #: 8 of 15
hoshea, the name of five israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 9 of 15
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֵלָ֧ה of Elah H425
אֵלָ֧ה of Elah
Strong's: H425
Word #: 10 of 15
elah, the name of an edomite, of four israelites, and also of a place in palestine
בְשֹֽׁמְר֛וֹן in Samaria H8111
בְשֹֽׁמְר֛וֹן in Samaria
Strong's: H8111
Word #: 11 of 15
shomeron, a place in palestine
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 12 of 15
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל over Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל over Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 13 of 15
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
תֵּ֥שַׁע nine H8672
תֵּ֥שַׁע nine
Strong's: H8672
Word #: 14 of 15
nine or (ordinal) ninth
שָׁנִֽים׃ year H8141
שָׁנִֽים׃ year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 15 of 15
a year (as a revolution of time)

Analysis & Commentary

In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 17: Covenant judgment and exile. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. This passage occurs during the decline toward Israel's exile, demonstrating how persistent covenant unfaithfulness leads to national disaster.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 17 takes place during the declining years of the northern kingdom, 8th century BCE, culminating in exile in 722 BCE. The chapter's theme (Fall of the Northern Kingdom) reflects the historical reality of the fulfillment of prophetic warnings as the northern kingdom fell to Assyria due to persistent covenant unfaithfulness. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

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